About holograms 

Information encoded by waves can be encoded, stored and reconstructed. Holography is a technique that enables the waves scattered off objects to be recorded in the form of interference patterns in the wave-sensitive medium. Interference occurs when one or more wavefronts are superimposed. These interference patterns can be considered an encoded version of the scene. Relatively uniform waves - laser beams - usually play the role of a reference background: a large number of parallel, closely spaced slits or grooves (termed the diffraction grating) serves as a canvas for scattered non-uniform waves. Not only the amplitude, as in photography, but also the phase of the waves is recorded in holograms. If we "subtract" the reference beams from such a composite 2D-set of waves, the recorded scene would be reconstructed in space as a 3D-image. 

Holographic recordings are the only data-storing structures that can be broken into small pieces so that the entire recorded object/scene can still be reconstructed from each small piece. However, different pieces would display an object from distinct points of view. We realized that such an interdependence of the “whole” and its parts holds in living systems as well: fingertips of a person often emit very complex patterns, which are repeated in many areas of fingertip coronas multiple times, on various scales and from various angles.

There are many types of static holograms that can be made of various types of waves. It is also possible to conduct successive recording and reconstruction of the waves: a rapidly developing field of real-time holography deals with nonlinear diffracting background (holographic grating), where the read-write processes proceed almost simultaneously.The concept of 3D-telepresence (an example of real-time dynamic holography first shown in Star Wars) that reconstructs a far-located event, has attracted considerable public interest since 1977. 

Our findings suggest the existence of real-time holographic mechanisms in living systems. Any organism acts as an individual system due to permanent exchange of information in the form of interference-patterns (holograms) and we found a tool that can readily reconstruct these body-generated images. 

Bioholography should not be confused with conventional medical application of holography which implies the representation of organs, tissues and even the whole body as 3D models. This composite imagery is a compilation of plane (2D) captures, such as CT/MRI frames. Holograms created by nature originate as 3D patterns of wave-interference within living systems; we simply reconstruct and capture 2D stills of the images emitted from the body-surface, so the whole BHT-process is opposite to conventional medical/technical holography. 

On the holographic principle

The holographic principle of information encoding and decoding is a natural phenomenon that should not be mistaken for technical process of holography. The holographic principle (theoretical physics) states that all information lies at the boundary of a space-region. Note that information about the whole organism, namely on its out-of-balance parts, also lies at its boundary/surface. The Holographic and Correspondence Principles and their application to other theories about physical reality are very exciting areas of theoretical research at the leading edge of physics.  

Living organisms had never been considered as excellent models for experimental study of these omnipresent phenomena. We hope that our discovery would contribute to a better understanding of nature's holographic secrets.

More about some manifestations of the holographic principle in living systems can be found in our publication "The Holographic Principle and Emergence Phenomenon".

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